Cách diễn tả số lượng trong tiếng Anh

Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ cùng tìm hiểu các cách diễn tả số lượng trong tiếng Anh và luyện tập để nắm chắc kiến thức này nhé. 

A. KIẾN THỨC

I. Some/ any (một ít, một vài)

1. SOME:

Some được đặt trước danh từ đếm được số nhiều (plural countable noun) hoặc danh từ không đếm được (uncountable noun) trong câu xác định.

Ex:

• I want some milk.
• He saw some strangers in his house yesterday.
• My mother needs some eggs.

Đôi khi some được dùng trong câu hỏi (mời ai dùng thêm gì hoặc một đề nghị lịch sự)

Ex:

• Would you like some more coffee?
• May I go out for some drink?

2. ANY:

Any thường được đặt trước danh từ đếm được hoặc danh từ không đếm được trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn.

Ex:

• Do you want any sugar?
• She didn’t see any boys in her class.
• Does your sister need any eggs?

* Lưu ý:

Các đại từ phiếm chỉ (something, anything, someone, anyone, somebody,...) cũng theo cách dùng trên.

Ex:

• I don’t see anything on the table.
• Is there anybody in your house now?
• I want to do something to help her.

II. Most/ Most of (phần lớn, đa số)

1. MOST:

Most dùng trước danh từ đếm được số nhiều hoặc danh từ không đếm được. Most là từ hạn định trong cấu trúc:

MOST + NOUN

MOST + ADJECTIVE + NOUN

Ex:

• Most children are fond of sweets.
• Most beautiful material is expensive.
• Most beer has been drunk.
• Most students in my class like watching football.

2. MOST OF:

Most of dùng trước cụm danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều.

MOST OF + DETERMINER/ PRONOUN + NOUN

Ex:

• Most of these students are intelligent.
• Most of her friends have well-paid jobs.
• We spend most of our leisure time watching TV.
• He has finished most of the exercises in this book.

* Lưu ý: Các cụm danh từ đứng sau most of thường xác định (phải có the, this, these, those,... hoặc các tính từ sở hữu my, his, her...)

Ex:

• Most boys and girls have given thought to their future job.
• Most of the boys and girls in my class want to choose well-paid jobs.

III. Much, Many, A great deal of, A large number of, A lot of, Lot of... (nhiều).

1. Much/ many

• Much: Được sử dụng để chỉ một lượng lớn hoặc mức độ, thường đi với các danh từ không đếm được. Ví dụ: "There isn't much time left."

• Many: Được sử dụng để chỉ một số lượng lớn, thường đi với các danh từ đếm được. Ví dụ: "There are many books on the shelf."

2. A large number of, Plenty of, A great number of, A lot of, Lots of

Các cụm từ này đều có nghĩa là "nhiều" và thường được sử dụng như nhau để chỉ số lượng lớn hay đủ. Chúng thường đi với cả danh từ đếm được lẫn không đếm được. Ví dụ: "There are a lot of people at the party."

Ex:

• I don’t have much time for night clubs.
• There are so many people here that I feel tired.
• A large amount of air pollution comes from industry.
• She has got a great deal of homework today.
• Did you spend much money on the beautiful cars?
• -Yes, I spent a lot of money on them. I want to have a lot of cars.
• There’s plenty of milk in the fridge.
• There are plenty of eggs in the fridge.
• I saw lots of flowers in the garden yesterday.
• A large number of students in this school are good.

* Lưu ý: Khi trong câu xác định có các từ very, too, so, as thì phải dùng much hoặc many.

Ex:

• There was so much traffic that it took me an hour to get home.
• There are too many mistakes in your writing.

IV. Few, A Few, Little, A Little (ít, một ít, một vài)

1. Few, a few

Few/ A Few: dùng trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều (plural countable nouns).

Few: rất ít, hầu như không có (ít hơn những gì bạn muốn hoặc mong đợi)

Ex:

• I don’t want to take the trip to Hue because I have few friends there.
• They hardly find a job because there are few jobs.

A few: một vài (gần nghĩa với some)

Ex:

• You can see a few houses on the hill.
• A few people left early.
• There are a few empty seats here.
• I recognized a few of the other guests.

2. Little / a little

Little/ A Little: dùng trước các danh từ không đếm được (uncountable nouns).

Little:rất ít (ít hơn những gì bạn muốn hoặc mong đợi)

Ex:

• There was little doubt in my mind.
• I have very little time for reading.
• I understood little of what he said.

A little: một ít, một chút (gần nghĩa với some)

Ex:

• I need a little help to move these books.
• It caused a little confusion.
• Would you like a little salt on your vegetables?

B. LUYỆN TẬP

I. Choose the correct words in the following sentences.

1. He doesn’t have (many/ much) money.

2. I would like (a few/ a little) salt on my vegetables.

3. She bought (many/ much) cards last night.

4. There are (less/ fewer) boys in this class than in the next class.

5. There is (too many/ too much) information to learn.

6. Would you like (less/ fewer) coffee than this?

7. This jacket costs (too much/ too many).

8. I don’t want (some/ any) eggs but I want (any/ some) cheese.

9. Is there (some/ any) water in the glass?

10. (How much/ How many) pounds of butter does she want?

11. (How much/ How many) butter does she want?

12. Is there (some/ any) tea in the cup?

13. Peter doesn’t want (something/ anything) to do.

14. I can speak (a few/ a little) English.

15. They don’t need (some/ any) coffee.

16. I can’t buy that house because I have (few/ little) money.

17. They have given (a large number of/ a great deal of) time on training.

18. The teacher found (a large number of/ a great deal of) mistakes in his writing.

19. I can drink (a few/ a little) wine.

20. Give me (a few/ a little) examples.

II. Fill in each of the blanks with MOST or MOST OF.

1.                 adolescents can hardly find a suitable job.

2. There are 50 students in my class.             them can hardly find a suitable job.

3.                 the time he spent on learning was fairly reasonable.

4.                 men and women apply for that job, but             them aren’t often qualified.

5. She gave                 her energy to science.

III. Fill in each of the blanks with A GREAT DEAL OF/ A LARGE NUMBER OF/ MUCH (OF)/ MANY (OF)

1.                 learner’s attention should be paid to the use of the English tenses.

2.                 today’s scientific work is involved in the use of computers.

3. Are                 your photos in colour or in black and white?

4. She put too                sugar in the coffee. It became so sweet that I couldn’t drink it.

5. Thank you very                for your valuable help.

6. He wrote play, but                his plays couldn’t be staged.

7. Do you have enough exercises to do now? Oh, too          .

8. How                 time do you spend on learning English every day?

9. How                 these children are qualified for the job?

10. She doesn’t know               about what to do in response to his kind-heartedness.

11.                 people know him as a devoted doctor.

12. He loved so                fun that his lessons were never well-prepared.

13. She is very rich. She has               money in the bank.

14.                 goods were sent to the exhibition.

15. They have found                mistakes in the accounts.

16. Mrs Green has spent               time in Ho Chi Minh City.

17. I have got                homework to do today.

18.                 trees are cut to make paper every year.

19. Please buy                soap.

20. How                 money have you got?

IV. Insert SOME, ANY, SOMEONE, ANYONE, SOMEWHERE, AWYWHERE where required.

1. Will you have                tea?

2. You’re expecting                to call, aren’t you?

3. Haven’t I given you               money this week? I must have forgotten you.

4. If you haven’t                money, you can get from the bank.

5. Are you expecting               else? If not, we’ll                go for drink.

6. Please buy                butter for mother.

7. I have                 new dresses.

8. She doesn’t want                ice-cream.

9. I have bought                furniture.

10. Why don’t you ask the bank for              money?

V. Fill in each blank with LITTLE/ FEW or A LITTLE/ A FEW (OF).

1. She gave ________ thought to her future.

2. Would you like ________ coffee? Yes, please. But put sugar in it.

3. ________ your friends will have to repeat the course owing to their weakness.

4. Can you speak French? Just ________.

5. If you have ________ knowledge of English grammar, you can’t make correct sentences.

6. I had ________ time to look after my children.

7. She just spends ________ her money on clothes.

8. ________ these children will go to work at a garage.

9. The windows are so small that the room gets ________ air.

10. He is not popular. He has ________ friends.

VI. Fill in each blank with a proper expression of quantity.

1. I feel lonely and don’t enjoy my life here because I have          friends in this city.

2.                 tourists have not visited this part of the town yet.

3.                 the people at the party were very friendly.

4. Are those people English?              them.

5.                 schools open in September.

6. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got             time before the train leaves.

7. I need some money. Have you got any? Yes, but not          .

8. The race gave everyone               pleasure.

9. Hurry or we’ll be late. We have very             time.

10. I have done                exercises of grammar in this book.

11.                 the people in Canada speak English.

12. The Smiths spent                money on their last trip.

13. I do not know                about biology. I have               knowledge about genetics.

14. The librarian says that you may borrow as            books as you want to.

15. The boys are making too               noise.

16. We spend                 our time on English grammar.

17. I’m very poor. I have               money. But my brother is richer than I. He has         money in the bank.

18.                 English learners have real chance to use it every day.

19. There is                 sugar in the jar.

20. Did                 children know anything about their future job/ No, just          .

21. You talk too                and you often do too               tricks in class.

22.                 people are afraid of snakes.

23.                 Vietnamese people make their living by farming.

24. How languages can you speak? And how            time do you spend on learning English?

25. How                 do you know about biology and genetics?

26.                 machinery was sent to the exhibition.

27.                 furniture in her room is new.

28.                 us feel the same about the war.

29.                 reporters were at the meeting yesterday.

30.                 meat is expensive.

C. ĐÁP ÁN

I.   

1. much                                2. a little                           3. many                            4. fewer

5. too much                         6. less                                7. too much                      8. any/ some

9. any                                   10. how many                  11. how much                  12. any

13. anything                        14. a little                         15. any                              16. little

17. a great deal of               18. a large number of     19. a little                         20. a few

II.   

1. Most                           

2. Most of                      

3. Most of                      

4. Most – most of          

5. Most of

III.   

1. A great deal of                                                          2. A great deal of

3. many of                                                                      4. Much

5. much                                                                           6. Many of

7. many                                                                           8. Much

9. many of                                                                      10. Much

11. a large number of/ many                                        12. Much – a large number of/ many of

13. a great deal of                                                          14. A large number of

15. many/ a large number of                                        16. A great deal of

17. a great deal of                                                          18. A large number of

19. a great deal of                                                          20. Much

IV.

1. some                    2. some one        3. any                 

4. any – some         5. anyone – somewhere

6. some                    7. some               8. any                 

9. little                     10. few

V.

1. little                          2. a little – little      3. a few of              4. a little                  5. little

6. little                     7. little of                8. a few of              9. little                     10. few

VI.

1. few                                                                          2. Some/ many/ A large number of

3. Most of                                                                   4. Most of

5. Most                                                                        6. a little

7. much                                                                       8. a great deal of

9. little                                                                         10. most/ a large number of/ many

11. most of                                                                  12. Much

13. much- little                                                           14. Many

15. much                                                                     16. most of

17. little - a great deal of                                           18. Few

19. little/ a little                                                          20. many – a few

21. much - many                                                        22. Most/ Many/ A large number of

23. Most of                                                                 24. many – much

25. much                                                                     26. A great deal of

27. Most                                                                      28. Most of

29. Some/ Many/ A large number of                      30. Most